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BESANÇON, France--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Aug 31, 2023--

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Alcohol addiction ruins millions of lives every year, but scientists may have found a cure for this terrible affliction. A new treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been trialled in monkeys with impressive results and, if these translate to human trials, the impact could be monumental. A team of neuroscientists and physiologists from across the US tested a new type of gene therapy to see if they could directly target the underlying brain circuitry associated with sustained heavy drinking. As they noted, in the journal Nature Medicine, people suffering from AUD commonly return to alcohol use even if they attempt to quit. This is largely to do with what’s known as mesolimbic dopamine (DA) signalling – meaning how the central nervous system circuit communicates the feelgood neurotransmitter dopamine. A protein called glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is key to keeping these neurons in this reward circuitry functioning. However, experts have found that levels of GDNF are reduced in people with AUD during periods of alcohol abstinence, most notably in a region of the brain called the ventral tegmental area (VTA), as IFLScience notes. Therefore, the researchers decided to test whether using gene therapy to deliver more GDNF to the VTA could help reinforce this crucial dopaminergic signalling and prevent patients from suffering an alcoholic relapse. The team of scientists explained how alcohol consumption in non-addicts prompts the release of dopamine, creating a pleasurable buzz feeling, but chronic alcohol use causes the brain to adapt and stop releasing so much dopamine. “So when people are addicted to alcohol, they don’t really feel more pleasure in drinking,” Dr Kathleen Grant, a senior co-author of the study, said in a statement. “It seems that they’re drinking more because they feel a need to maintain an intoxicated state.” For their research, Dr Grant and her colleagues used eight rhesus macaque monkeys, who were exposed to increasing concentrations of alcohol over four 30-day “induction” periods. The monkeys then had free access to alcohol and water for 21 hours a day for six months, during which they developed heavy drinking behaviours. This was then followed by a 12-week abstinence phase, with the GDNF treatment performed four weeks in for half of the subjects. The gene therapy was delivered using a a viral vector containing a copy of the human GDNF gene injected directly into the primate’s VTA, according to IFLScience. And the results were truly jaw-dropping. “Drinking went down to almost zero,” Dr Grant said. “For months on end, these animals would choose to drink water and just avoid drinking alcohol altogether. They decreased their drinking to the point that it was so low we didn’t record a blood-alcohol level.” The most exciting aspect of their findings is the suggestion that gene therapy could offer a permanent solution for people with the most severe cases of AUD. This will be a welcome glimmer of hope to many, given that some 29.5 million people were diagnosed with AUD in the US alone in 2021, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Of these 29.5 million sufferers, almost a million (894,000) were aged between 12 and 17. It’ll likely be some time before we know for sure whether the gene therapy can be rolled out in humans, but it’s an important first step in tackling this devastating disorder. Sign up for our free Indy100 weekly newsletter Have your say in our news democracy. Click the upvote icon at the top of the page to help raise this article through the indy100 rankings.

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Apple has finally pushed an update to the new iPhone 15 that should stop it running hot. In recent days, some owners of new iPhone 15 models, as well as the Pro and Max, reported that the devices appeared to be much warmer to the touch than expected. It prompted worry that the new design and materials in the iPhone 15 had caused it to be worryingly hot. Last week, however, Apple finally broke its silence on the problem. It said that many new iPhones could run hot for normal reasons – because they are setting themselves up, for instance – but also because of flaw in the new system software. “We have also found a bug in iOS 17 that is impacting some users and will be addressed in a software update,” the company said in a statement to Forbes. “Another issue involves some recent updates to third-party apps that are causing them to overload the system. We’re working with these app developers on fixes that are in the process of rolling out.” As well as confirming that the issue could be fixed with a new update, Apple said that it would not throttle performance. Previous reports that the issue could be fixed with a new version of iOS 17 had led to fears that would bring slower processing in an attempt to reach cooler temperatures. Now that update has finally arrived, in the form of iOS 17.0.3. It is available now, and can be downloaded through the Settings app as usual. The new update also brings fixes for security bugs that could be used by hackers to gain access to the phone. One is thought to have been “actively exploited” already, meaning that the update is an urgent fix. Read More Apple is preparing an urgent iPhone 15 update after they started overheating The mystery AI device that could replace your phone Zuckerberg says Metaverse can bring back the dead – virtually

Shares in the British chip designer Arm will be listed Thursday on New York's Nasdaq exchange in the biggest such offering in two years, a $50 billion wager by principal shareholder...