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Scientists have found an array of “dashes” within our universe, all arranged in an unexpected pattern. The vast structures are lying in the middle of our Milky Way galaxy and point towards the black hole at its core. There are hundreds of them, each five to 10 light-years long, researchers say. “It was a surprise to suddenly find a new population of structures that seem to be pointing in the direction of the black hole,” Northwestern University’s Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, who led the research. “I was actually stunned when I saw these. We had to do a lot of work to establish that we weren’t fooling ourselves. And we found that these filaments are not random but appear to be tied to the outflow of our black hole. By studying them, we could learn more about the black hole’s spin and accretion disk orientation. It is satisfying when one finds order in a middle of a chaotic field of the nucleus of our galaxy.” Scientists have no confirmed explanation for where the structures came from, and much about their existence remains a mystery. But one possible explanation is that they were thrown out from after some activity a few million years ago. In the early 1980s, Professor Yusef-Zadeh found a set of gigantic, one-dimensional filaments hanging across our galaxy, near Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way. The new filaments were previously undiscovered, and are much shorter and lie across, spreading out from the black hole. “We have always been thinking about vertical filaments and their origin,” he said. “I’m used to them being vertical. I never considered there might be others along the plane.” The research is described in a new paper, ‘The Population of the Galactic Center Filaments: Position Angle Distribution Reveal a Degree-scale Collimated Outflow from Sgr A* along the Galactic Plane’, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Read More Most powerful space telescope ever built identifies ancient star-studded galaxy Academics prepare for mission to Mars in bid to prove water theory Japan to launch satellite made of wood in 2024

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People in the UK want to know how artificial intelligence works, how to use it to make money and whether it will take their jobs, according to Google. The search engine company revealed the UK’s most googled questions about AI over the past three months ahead of Rishi Sunak’s AI summit. Here, PA takes a look at some of the burning questions the UK wants the answers to. What is AI? In a nutshell, AI refers to the training of machines to solve problems and make decisions in a way that is similar to how the human brain works. However, to boil AI down to a short definition would be to underestimate its complexity and variations. For example, “weak” or “narrow” AI is AI trained to perform specific tasks and enables technology people may be familiar with in their home, such as Amazon’s Alexa or autonomous vehicles, while “strong AI”, comprised of Artificial General Intelligence and Artificial Super Intelligence, refers to AI where a machine would have an intelligence equal to or surpassing humans. What is generative AI? Generative AI refers to models which can create something completely new based on the vast data they have been trained on. Recent examples of this include ChatGPT, where users can make requests such as “write a poem that features the Battle of Waterloo”. ChatGPT would then produce a new poem based on the material it had been trained on, in this case vast quantities of history books and poetry. How to make AI song covers? Much like the production of a new poem using AI, it is possible to create new music using models which have been trained on previously recorded sounds. However, this is proving tricky ground for human musicians who fear their work may be used without their consent to produce brand new creations, or even to imitate them. Spotify boss Daniel Ek told the BBC he thought there were legitimate use cases for the technology in music, but that it should not be used to impersonate real artists without their consent. He said there were three “buckets” of AI use in music: tools such as auto-tune, which he said was acceptable; software which impersonated artists, which was not; and a more controversial middle ground where AI-generated music was inspired by a specific artist but did not directly mimic them. How to make money with AI? The possibilities for making money using AI are seemingly endless, with people using it to produce music, books, essays, translations and much more. AI can also be used to streamline processes in existing jobs, producing presentations or documents in a fraction of the time it would usually take. However, the issue of copyright looms large over AI’s creative uses. Who created AI? While the concept has been discussed in art and culture for centuries, the 20th century will be remembered as the period when AI began to take practical shape. In 1950, wartime codebreaker Alan Turing published a paper called Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he considered whether machines could think, introducing what became known as the Turing Test where a human would attempt to distinguish between the responses of another human and a computer. Six years later computer scientist John McCarthy coined the term “artificial intelligence” during the inaugural AI conference at Dartmouth College, while in the same year the first running AI software programme was created by Allen Newell, JC Shaw and Herbert Simon. Is AI dangerous? Tesla, SpaceX and X owner Elon Musk told the PA news agency at the UK’s AI Safety Summit: “I think AI is one of the biggest threats (to humans). “We have for the first time the situation where we have something that is going to be far smarter than the smartest human. “We’re not stronger or faster than other creatures, but we are more intelligent, and here we are for the first time, really in human history, with something that is going to be far more intelligent than us. “It’s not clear to me if we can control such a thing, but I think we can aspire to guide it in a direction that’s beneficial to humanity.” Will AI take my job? As with all technological advances, AI will change the way we work, making some jobs redundant but creating others too. Rishi Sunak recently attempted to assuage people’s fears, saying: “It’s important to recognise that AI doesn’t just automate and take people’s jobs. “A better way to think about it is as a co-pilot. “As with all technologies, they change our labour market, I think over time of course they make our economy more prosperous, more productive. “They create more growth overall but it does mean that there are changes in the labour market.” Read More Big tech poses ‘existential threat’ to UK journalism, survey of editors finds King warns of urgent need to ‘combat significant risks of powerful AI’ Kamala Harris arrives in the UK ahead of AI safety summit Study finds ‘deepfakes’ from Ukraine war undermining trust in conflict footage More than 500 potential cyber attacks logged every second, BT says AI being used to create child abuse imagery, watchdog warns

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